John Lloyd Stephens

Early Life and Education: John Lloyd Stephens was born on November 28, 1805, in Shrewsbury, New Jersey. He was the second son of Benjamin Stephens and Clemence Lloyd. Stephens graduated top of his class from Columbia College in 1822, with a strong background in Classics. After studying law and passing the bar exam, he practiced in New York City. Stephens embarked on travels through Europe, Egypt, and the Levant, authoring books about his explorations. Political Career and Reforms: Stephens was recommended for Minister to the Netherlands in 1837. He served as a delegate to the state constitutional convention in 1846. Stephens was responsible for introducing a conciliation court and was active in state politics and legal reforms. While nominated for Minister to the Netherlands, the position ultimately went to Harmanus Bleecker. Contributions to Mesoamerican Studies: Commissioned as Special Ambassador to Central America in 1839, Stephens explored Maya ruins with Frederick Catherwood. He documented ruins at Copán, Palenque, Quiriguá, and Uxmal, arguing that the Mayans built ancient Central American cities. Stephens’ explorations and writings inspired figures like Edgar Allan Poe. Involvement in the Panama Railroad Company: Stephens cofounded the Panama Railroad Company in 1849 and was chosen as its vice president. He traveled to Panama and New Granada to arrange railroad construction, sustaining severe injuries during his travels. Upon his return to the U.S., Stephens was appointed President of the Panama Railroad. Personal Life and Legacy: Stephens was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1841. He was struck by malaria in Panama in 1852, recovering briefly before suffering a recurrence in New York. Stephens passed away on October 13, 1852, and was buried at New York City Marble Cemetery. Remembered for his exploration of Maya ruins and cultural discoveries, Stephens’ legacy lives on in literature and historical accounts, inspiring authors and researchers.