Plasticizer

Plasticizer Market Overview: Global plasticizer market volume in 2017 was 7.5 million metric tonnes. North America accounted for ~1.01 million metric tonnes in 2017. Europe’s volume in 2017 was 1.35 million metric tonnes. Phthalate esters are commonly used in PVC. Other polymers with high plasticizer content include acrylates and cellulosetype plastics. Mechanism and Effects of Plasticizers: Plasticizers increase free volume between polymer chains. They lower the glass transition temperature of polymers. Plasticizer concentration affects the elastic modulus. Migration of plasticizers can lead to embrittlement and cracking. Plasticizer effects on polymer chain mobility are complex. Plasticizer Selection and Types: Over 30,000 substances evaluated as polymer plasticizers, but only ~50 are in commercial use. Ester plasticizers are chosen based on costperformance evaluation. Various ester chemistries are available for different elastomer applications. Plasticizers based on esters of polycarboxylic acids are common in PVC. There is a move towards nonclassified substances in Europe due to regulatory concerns. Safety and Toxicity Concerns: Some orthophthalates are classified as potential endocrine disruptors. Plasticizers can escape plastics through migration and abrasion. Studies show low volatility and vapor pressure of phthalates. New car smell is often attributed to plasticizers. Concerns exist over the safety of some polymer plasticizers. Applications of Plasticizers: Plasticizers and superplasticizers improve workability and strength of concrete. They are used in stucco mixtures to enhance workability. Plasticizers for energetic materials improve physical properties and specific energy yield of propellants. Specific plasticizers like nitroglycerine and others are preferred for solid rocket propellants. Plasticizers are also used in the conservation and restoration of plastic objects.