Units of textile measurement

Fiber Measurement Units: Denier and tex measure linear mass density of fibers. Super S number indicates the fineness of wool fiber. Worsted count, woolen count, and cotton count are used for specific fibers. Yield is the reciprocal of denier and tex, expressed in yards per pound. Micronaire measures air permeability of cotton fiber. Micronaire indicates cotton fineness and maturity. Micron influences cotton processing. Micron is one millionth of a meter, used in textile fibers. Slivers, tops, and rovings are terms in the worsted process. Linear density is quantified using units like tex, denier, dtex, and ECC. Yarn Measurement and Calculation: Linear density is presented in direct and indirect systems. Different yarn counts like NeK, NeL, and NeS represent specific linear density measurements. Denier System: 1 denier = 1 g / 9,000 m = 0.11mg/m. Yarn length calculation formula: /m = 1693 × /Nec × /kg. Defined length units: Bundle, Thread, Lea, Hank, Spyndle. Importance of yarn length in textile production. Fabric Measurement and Characteristics: Fabric weight measured in GSM (grams per square meter). GSM is a critical parameter for textile products. Thicker fabric construction with higher GSM. Momme as a unit to measure silk fabric weight. Relationship between momme weight, durability, and opacity. Thread count measures fabric coarseness or fineness. Woven Fabric Parameters: Ends per inch (EPI) measures warp threads per inch. Higher EPI indicates finer fabric. Picks per inch (PPI) measures weft threads per inch. Higher PPI signifies finer fabric. Courses and wales affect fabric tightness and quality. Fabric Air Permeability and Standards: Air permeability measures air passage through fabric. Factors affecting air permeability include porosity and yarn characteristics. Air permeability standards exist for various industries. Air permeability is crucial for designing specific fabric types.